- A Metastatic Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Producing Sarcomatoid Carcinoma of the Lung Causing Jejunal Intussusception: Report of a Case.
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Min Eui Hong, Soon Auck Hong, Gui Young Kwon, Tae Jin Lee, Eon Sub Park, Sung Jae Cha, Jae Hyuk Do, Jae Hyung Yoo
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Korean J Pathol. 2011;45(2):205-208.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.2.205
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- A 75-year-old man was referred to our hospital with intestinal obstruction caused by intussusception. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed seven polypoid masses in the small intestine, while chest CT revealed a mass in the right lower lobe. Preoperative laboratory tests showed white blood cell (WBC) and neutrophil differential counts of 63,630/mm3 and 95%, respectively. The serum granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was 114 pg/mL, which was elevated (normal range, <18.1 pg/mL). After resection of the small bowel, the WBC count decreased to 20,510/mm3. The pathology showed a poorly differentiated carcinoma with sarcomatous components confirmed by positive immunostaining of cytokeratin (AE1/AE3) and vimentin in the small intestine. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry with specific monoclonal antibodies against G-CSF was positive. A lung biopsy revealed the same histological findings as the small intestine lesion. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed as having a G-CSF producing sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lung with metastasis to the small intestine.
- Intravascular Leiomyosarcoma of the Femoral Vein: A Case Report.
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Soon Auck Hong, Min Eui Hong, Gui Young Kwon, Tae Jin Lee, Eon Sub Park, Jae Hyung Yoo
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Korean J Pathol. 2008;42(4):232-235.
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- Intravascular leiomyosarcomas of the femoral vein are extremely rare. Our patient was initially diagnosed with a deep vein thrombosis based on ultrasonography and venography. The thrombectomy specimen consisted of typical spindle cells with variable anaplasia arranged in a fasciculating and interlacing pattern. The final diagnosis was proved to be an intravascular leiomyosarcoma confirmed by immunohistochemical studies for smooth muscle actin, desmin, vimentin, CD34 and CD68.
- Expression of Survivin, HSP90, Bcl-2 and Bax Proteins in N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine-induced Rat Bladder Carcinogenesis.
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Sang Dae Lee, Sung Woong Park, Soon Auck Hong, Gui Young Kwon, Tae Jin Lee
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Korean J Pathol. 2006;40(5):333-338.
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- BACKGROUND
Survivin belongs to the inhibitor of apoptosis family, and it has recently been found to be expressed in most solid tumors. Therefore, its expression is suggested to have prognostic significance. However, no data are available concerning the significance of survivin for the carcinogenesis of bladder cancer.
METHODS
In order to induce urothelial tumor in the rat urinary bladder, 0.05% N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) was administered to male Sprague-Dawley rats for 30 weeks. We used immunohistochemistry to investigate the expressions of survivin, HSP90, Bcl-2 and Bax in rat bladder carcinogenesis.
RESULTS
Urothelial cell hyperplasia, papilloma, non-invasive urothelial carcinoma and invasive urothelial carcinoma appeared at 5, 10, 20 and 30 weeks, respectively.
The expressions of survivin and HSP90 increased sequentially from normal mucosa, hyperplasia, papilloma, non-invasive urothelial carcinoma to invasive urothelial carcinoma. The expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax did not increase, however the number of cases with more than 1 of Bcl-2/Bax expression ratio increased sequentially during the progression of urothelial lesion. The expression of survivin showed a statistically significant correlation with the expression of HSP90 and the Bcl-2/Bax expression ratio.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that survivin may be involved in the carcinogenesis of rat bladder and its expression is correlated with the expression of HSP90 and the Bcl-2/Bax expression ratio.
- Expression of Cyclins (D1, A, E, and B1) in N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine-induced Rat Bladder Carcinogenesis.
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Gui Young Kwon, Eon Sub Park, Sung Geun Bong, Tae Jin Lee, Mi Kyung Kim, Jae Hyung Yoo, Kye Yong Song
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Korean J Pathol. 2003;37(4):255-262.
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Abstract
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- BACKGROUND
Cell cycle deregulation plays a major role in chemical multistage carcinogenesis.Therefore, the evaluation of cell cycle proteins is important.
METHODS
In order to induce carcinogenesis in the rat urinary bladder, 0.05% N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN)was administered to male Sprague-Dawley rats for 30 weeks. Expressions of cyclin D1, A, E, and B1 were examined by immunohistochemical stainings.
RESULTS
Urothelial cell hyperplasia appeared at 5 weeks, followed by papilloma at 10 weeks. Superficial carcinoma was observed at 20 weeks, and invasive carcinoma developed in 40% (4/10) of the rats at 30 weeks. Expressions of cyclin D1 and A increased sequentially from normal mucosa throughhyperplasia, papilloma, and carcinoma (p<0.01).
Expressions of cyclin D1, B1 and cyclin Ewere higher in invasive carcinomas than in superficial carcinomas (p<0.01).
In contrast, therewas no significant difference in the expression of cyclin B1 between hyperplasia, papillomaand superficial carcinoma.
CONCLUSIONS
The present results indicate the important roles of cyclin D1 and A in the development of BBN-induced urothelial carcinoma of rats. Aberrantexpression of cyclin B1 and E may contribute to the progression from superficial to invasivebladder cancer rather than tumorigenesis.
- HER-2/neu Oncogene Amplification by Chromogenic in situ Hybridization and Immunohistochemical Expression of Topoisomerase II-alpha in the Breast Cancer.
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Tae Jin Lee, Hyung Goon Oh, Gui Young Kwon, Mi Kyung Kim, Eon Sub Park, Jae Hyung Yoo
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Korean J Pathol. 2003;37(1):26-34.
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- BACKGROUND
Amplifications of the HER-2/neu oncogene and the Topoisomerase II-alpha gene are important determiners of the response to chemotherapy in the breast cancer. For detecting HER-2/neu amplification, fluorescent in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry are currently regarded as standard methods. Chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) is investigated as a new modification of in situ hybridization.
The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of CISH and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in detecting HER-2/neu oncogene amplification and to investigate the prognostic significance of the HER-2/neu oncogene and the Topoisomerase II-alpha gene in breast cancer.
METHODS
Using CISH and IHC the amplifications and protein expressions of the HER-2/neu oncogene were studied on paraffin sections of 43 infiltrating duct carcinomas. The expression of the Topoisomerase II-alpha gene was studied immunohistochemically.
RESULTS
Of the 43 infiltrating duct carcinomas, amplifications of the HER-2/neu oncogene by CISH were observed in 8 cases (18.6%), and the HER-2/neu protein was deemed overexpressed by IHC in 9 cases (20.9%). The amplifications of the HER-2/neu oncogene showed a statistically significant correlation with tumor size, histological grade, and the Topoisomerase II-alpha index.
The Topoisomerase II-alpha index showed a statistically significant correlation with tumor size, lymph node status, stage, histologic grade, and estrogen receptor status.
CONCLUSIONS
CISH is a useful alternative for determining HER-2/neu amplification, especially for confirming the immunohistochemical staining results. HER-2/neu amplification and the Topoisomerase II-alpha gene index may be prognostic factors of breast cancer.
- Expression of DNA Topoisomerase II-alpha as a Proliferating Marker in Urothelial Carcinoma of Urinary Bladder based on World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology Consensus Classification: A Correlation with Expression of Ki-67 and Apoptosis
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Tae Jin Lee, Dong Ki Lee, Eon Sub Park, Jae Hyung Yoo
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Korean J Pathol. 2002;36(5):305-313.
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Abstract
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- BACKGROUND
DNA topoisomerase II-alpha is linked with active cell proliferation in mammalian cells. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the expression of DNA topoisomerase II-alpha as a proliferating marker, and the expression of Ki-67 and apoptosis in urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder based on World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology (WHO/ISUP) consensus classification.
METHODS
73 urothelial carcinomas of the urinary bladder after transurethral resection and 25 carcinomas after radical cystectomy were investigated for histologic grading based on WHO and WHO/ISUP consensus classification. Formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue of 98 specimens from 73 patients were immunohistochemically stained for DNA topoisomerase II-alpha and Ki-67, and in situ TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling method for evaluation of apoptotic cells was performed. For each case, a DNA topoisomerase II-alpha, Ki-67, and apoptotic indices were determined.
RESULTS
The histologic grades of 73 cases based on the WHO grading system were 21.9% (16 cases) in grade 1, 65.8% (48 cases) in grade 2, and 12.3% (9 cases). 5.5% (4 cases) of papillary neoplasm of low malignant potential, 47.9% (35 cases) of urothelial carcinoma of low grade, and 46.6% (34 cases) in urothelial carcinoma of high grade were reclassified using the WHO/ISUP consensus classification.
Histologic grades based on two grading systems were correlated to invasion and stage (p<0.05). DNA topoisomerase II-alpha, Ki-67, and apoptotic indices were correlated to histologic grades based on two grading system and invasion.
Also, the correlation of DNA topoisomerase II-alpha and Ki-67 indices, and DNA topoisomerase II-alpha and apoptotic indices were significant, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
DNA topoisomerase II-alpha appears to be an useful marker for assessing the proliferation potential of urothelial carcinoma of in the urinary bladder.
- Expression of p53, p21waf1/cip1, Cyclin D1 and Rb in Gastric Epithelial Proliferative Lesions.
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Hyoung Joong Kim, Tae Jin Lee, Eon Sub Park, Jae Hyung Yoo
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Korean J Pathol. 2002;36(4):222-231.
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- BACKGROUND
Aberrations of cell cycle-related genes have been reported to contribute to the formation and development of various human tumors. To investigate the gastric carcinogenesis, the expression of cell cycle-related genes (p53, p21wafl/cipl, cyclin D1 and Rb protein) compared to the morphological changes of gastric epithelial lesions were studied.
METHODS
The expression of p53, p21wafl/cipl, cyclin D1 and Rb protein was immunohistochemically studied in a series of surgical specimens including the 36 normal/regenerating lesions and the 127 gastric epithelial proliferative lesions (GEPLs). The gastric epithelial proliferative lesions consisted of 25 regenerating epithelia with atypias (REAs), 27 low grade gastric dysplasias (LGDs), 17 high grade dysplasias (HGDs), 24 early gastrc carcinomas (EGCs), and 34 advanced gastric carcinomas (AGCs).
RESULTS
The frequency of p53 protein overexpression was significantly associated with histologic grades of GEPLs (p=0.031); occurring in 4% of REAs, in 14.8% of LGDs, in 23.5% of HGDs, in 41.7% of EGCs and 58.9% of AGCs. The p21 wafl/cipl immunohistochemical reaction showed superficial eccentric positivity, representing an inverse correlation with histologic grades of GEPLs (p=0.04); occurring in 83.4% of normal/regenerating lesions, in 80% of REAs, in 74.1% of LGDs, in 29.4% of HGDs, 20.8% of EGCs and 8.8% of AGCs.
Although Cyclin D1 and Rb proteins were expressed highly in the GEPLs, the frequency of both proteins were insignificantly associated with histologic grades of GEPLs (p=0.092). However, cases with both the Rb and cyclin D1 positivity were increased with statistical significance along histologic grades of GEPLs (p=0.044).
CONCLUSIONS
The altered expression of p53, p21, Rb, and cyclin D1 was considered to be related to dysplastic progression and advancement of malignancy in GEPLs.
Therefore, immunohistochemical studies of cell cycle related proteins and a combined analysis may be useful for estimating and following up cases of GEPLs.
- Expression of Glutathione S-Transferase, E-Cadherin, and Catenins during N,N-Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis in Rat Liver.
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Hyoung Joong Kim, Yon Sik Yoo, Tae Jin Lee, Mi Kyung Kim, Eon Sub Park, Jae Hyung Yoo
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Korean J Pathol. 2000;34(12):982-993.
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- N,N-Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) has been proved to have carcinogenic potential in the initiation or promotion stage and the transformed cells proliferate to form preneoplastic nodules which are positive for placental form of glutathione S-transferase (GST-P). E-Cadherin, a member of the cadherin family, is expressed in epithelial cells.
To evaluate the role of adhesion molecules (E-Cadherin, alpha-catenin, and beta-catenin), which have not been well understood in carcinogenesis, we investigated the changes of E-cadherin, alpha-Catenin and beta-Catenins by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting in DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis of rat liver. In addition, the sequential analysis of histopathology and the expression of GST-P were also examined. Immunoreactive areas for GST-P were gradually increased from early period of carcinogenesis and strong GST-P positive foci were noted in various lesions, especially in the clear cell and eosinophilic cell nodules. Immunohistochemically, the E-Cadherin expression was increased in DEN-treated preneoplastic nodules in 4 and 10 weeks and hepatocellular carcinomas displayed relatively reduced expression compared with the hyperplastic nodules. But alpha- and beta-catenin expression was increased in hyperplastic nodules and hepatocellular carcinomas. Immunoblotting studies revealed that the level of alpha-catenin (cytosol and membranous fraction) was overexpressed in hyperplastic nodules as well as hepatocellular carcinomas, which showed markedly increased expression. The membranous fraction of beta-catenin was markedly increased in 10 weeks of DEN treatment and slightly reduced in hepatocellular carcinomas.
These findings suggest that during DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, the clear cell and eosinophilic cell nodules expressing GST-P in their cytoplasm are early transformed cell nodules. The altered expression of E-Cadherin and catenins is closely related with tumor propagation. Loss or reduced expression of E-cadherin may play a role in the progression of late hyperplastic nodule to hepatocellular carcinoma in DEN-induced rat hepato carcinogenesis.
- Correlation of Expression of E-Cadherin, alpha-Catenin, beta-Catenin, and Clinicopathologic Parameters in Colorectal Adenocarcinomas.
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Hyoung Joong Kim, Tae Jin Lee, Eon Sub Park, Jae Hyung Yoo
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Korean J Pathol. 2000;34(4):264-272.
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- The E-cadherin, alpha-catenin, and beta-catenin expressions were immunohistochemically investigated in paraffin-embedded materials of 80 cases of colorectal adenocarcinomas. The staining similar to normal colorectal mucosa with preserved strong membranous staining pattern was considered normal or preserved expression. The X2 test was used to analyse the statistical correlation of cadherin/catenin expression with clinicopathologic parameters and the Breslow test for the correlation with survival length. Normal colorectal mucosa showed strong membranous expression of cadherin/catenin complex. The reduced E-cadherin, alpha-catenin, and beta-catenin expression were found in 53/80 (66.3%), 46/80 (57.5%), and 44/80 (55.5%) cases of colorectal cancers examined, respectively. There were significant correlations between E- cadherin and alpha -catenin (p=0.035), and between alpha-catenin and beta-catenin (p=0.013). The reduced E-cadherin expression was associated with histologic dedifferentiation, tumor depth, lymph node metastasis, clinical stage (p<0.05), poor clinical outcome in stage II (p=0.016) and the reduced alpha-catenin expression with lymph node metastasis and clinical stage (p<0.05). Reduced expression of two or more proteins was correlated with lymph node matastasis, histologic dedifferentiation, clinical stage, and survival (p<0.05). The present study demonstrates a significant down-regulation of E-cadherin and alpha-catenin expression in colorectal cancer is associated with tumor invasiveness, histologic dedifferentiation, lymph node metastasis, and clinical stage. These results suggest that E-cadherin and alpha-catenin may be useful markers of invasiveness, lymph node metastatic potential, and clinical stage and of value as prognostic markers in the earlier stage. Further studies are needed to confirm the prognostic value of these cadherin/catenin complex.
- Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Pulmonary Hamartoma.
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Tae Jin Lee, Jin Sook Lee, Gyung Yub Gong, Shin Kwang Khang, Jae Y Ro
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Korean J Cytopathol. 2000;11(1):19-24.
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- Pulmonary hamartomas are uncommon benign tumors, usually discovered radiologically as a solitary coin lesion in asymptomatic individual. The approach to the patient with a peripheral lung nodule has changed with the increasing acceptance of fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC) as a rapid, safe, inexpensive, and highly accurate diagnostic tool. However, a few reports describing the FNAC findings of pulmonary hamartoma have appeared in the cytologic literature and the experience of FNAC is limited. We reviewed all 9 cases of pulmonary hamartoma with histologic confirmation after FNAC seen at Asan Medical Center since 1995 to evaluate cytologic findings and to determine the value of FNAC in identifying that lesion. Originally, seven of nine patients were diagnosed as pulmonary hamartoma, while two patients were diagnosed as inflammatory lesion and adenocarcinoma of each. On review, eight of nine patients were considered as diagnostic of pulmonary hamartoma. The diagnostic findings in FNAC of pulmonary hamartoma were the presence of fibrillary myxoid tissue with spindle cells as well as hyaline cartilage.
- Clinicopathologic Features of Prostatic Adenocarcinoma: A Study of 58 Radical Prostatectomy Specimens.
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Tae Jin Lee, Mi Sun Choe, Choung Soo Kim, Jae Y Ro
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Korean J Pathol. 1999;33(11):1067-1075.
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- Prostatic carcinoma is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States in men.
Prostatic carcinoma in Korean men is uncommon and accounts for less than 1% of total cancer: however, the incidence of prostatic carcinoma is continuously increasing. Several clinicopathologic parameters including stage, Gleason score, and serum PSA level have been widely accepted as well established prognostic factors. To study the clinicopathologic features of prostatic carcinoma in Korean men, 58 cases of prostatic carcinoma, which were diagnosed on radical prostatectony specimens at Asan Medical Center from Jan. 1993 to June 1998 (1993; 3 cases, 1994; 3, 1995; 6, 1996; 12, 1997; 24, 1998; 10), were evaluated. The prostatic carcinomas were divided into three groups according to Gleason score. Tumors with Gleason score 6 or lower, 7, and 8 to 10 were categorized as low-grade, intermediate-grade and high-grade tumor, respectively. The overall mean age of the patients was 62.6 years (range, 4 6~76 years); mean age was 65.4, 62.8 and 61.1 in low, intermediate and high-grade tumor, respectively (p>0.05). The overall mean serum PSA level was 38.6 ng/ml (range, 0.3~276.0 ng/ml); mean serum PSA level was 17.0, 29.0 and 60.9 ng/ml in low, intermediate and high-grade tumor, respectively (p=0.002). The mean T stage was 2.3, 2.4 and 3.1 in low, intermediate and high-grade tumor (p=0.001). The percentage of positive resection margin was 33.3, 50.0 and 91.0 % in low, intermediate and high-grade tumor (p=0.001). The overall presence of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) was 79.3 %; percentage of the presence of PIN was 100, 79.2 and 68.2 % in low, intermediate and high-grade tumor (p>0.05). As reported in the literature, our results indicated that Gleason score was a good predictor of stage and prognosis. The higher Gleason score, the more cases were with positive surgical margins, advanced pathologic stage, and high serum PSA level (p<0.05).
- Verumontanum Mucosal Gland Hyperplasia: A case report.
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Mi Sun Choe, Tae Jin Lee, Eun Sil Yu, Jae Y Ro
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Korean J Pathol. 1999;33(9):737-740.
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- Verumontanum mucosal gland hyperplasia (VMGH) is a relatively common benign proliferative lesion which was first described by Gagucas et al in 1995. VMGH is usually found in radical prostatectomy or transurethral resection specimens and rarely in needle biopsy specimens. The histologic feature of VMGH is characterized by well-circumscribed proliferation of small glands and thus VMGH may mimic low grade adenocarcinoma. We report a case of VMGH from a 61-year-old man. The lesion coexisted with prostatic adenocarcinoma on radical prostatectomy specimen. The lesion was a well circumscribed microacinar proliferation which was present between the openings of ejaculatory ducts. The acini consisted of two cell layers with inner secretory cuboidal epithelium and outer basal cell. Typically, the lumen contained many corpora amylacea. Nuclear pleomorphism, prominent nucleolus, or mitotic figure was not identified. Because of small gland proliferation of VMGH, this lesion can be confused with other small gland proliferative lesions, such as low grade adenocarcinoma, atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, basal cell hyperplasia, mesonephric hyperplasia, and nephrogenic adenoma. To avoid misdiagnosis of VMGH as carcinoma, one should be familiar with this lesion.
- Granulosa Cell Tumor Arising in the Paratesticular Area: A case report.
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Soo Kee Min, Tae Jin Lee, Joo Ryung Huh, Tae Han Park, Jae Yoon Ro
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Korean J Pathol. 1999;33(5):380-384.
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- Granulosa cell tumor of the testis is extremly rare in adult males and granulosa cell tumor occurring in the paratesticular area has not been reported. We report a paratesticular granulosa cell tumor in a 34-year-old man who presented with a 5.5 cm sized scrotal mass. The tumor was present in the paratesticular area near the head of epididymis. It was located in the tunica and completely separated from the testis by thick fibrous tissue. Microscopically, the tumor exhibited solid, microfollicular, and trabecular patterns. The tumor cells had ovoid to elongated nuclei with longitudinal intranuclear grooves and one or two nucleoli and scanty cytoplasm. Mitoses were relatively frequent with an average number of 9/10 HPFs. The tumor extended into the visceral tunica vaginalis and showed multiple lymphatic tumor emboli. Immunohisto chemical stains revealed diffuse strong positivity for inhibin, vimentin, and keratin and diffuse weak positivity for estrogen and progesteron receptor. Placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) were negative. On electron microscopic examination, tumor cells were polygonal and had large indented nuclei. The cytoplasm contained a moderate number of small round mitochondria, abundant rough and smooth endoplasmic reticula, and a few lipid droplets.
Small aggregates of intermediate filaments and intercellular junctions were observed. The patient was alive and well 5 months after orchiectomy. This is the first case of adult granulosa cell tumor arising in the paratesticular area.
- Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma of the Prostate A report of two cases.
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Yu Na Kang, Sang Sook Lee, Tae Jin Lee, Jae Yoon Ro
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Korean J Pathol. 1999;33(5):385-368.
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- Primary signet ring cell carcinoma of the prostate is extremely rare and about 18 cases have been reported in the literature. We report two cases of primary signet ring cell carcinoma of the prostate, arising in 79-year-old and 65-year-old men. Both cases were the poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the prostate with many signet ring cells. Signet ring cells were positive for prostatic specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase but negative for neutral and acid mucins. In summary, the signet ring cell carcinoma of the prostate is a rare variant of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the prostate. The orgin of the prostate should be considered in cases of metastatic signet ring cell carcinoma, particularly when the signet ring cells are negative for neutral and acid mucins. Prostatic specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase should also be performed to confirm the primary signet ring cell carcinoma of the prostate.
- A Cystic Mesothelioma in the Inguinal Area.
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Im Joong Yoon, Nam Bok Cho, Tae Jin Lee, Mee Kyung Kim, Se Chul Kim, Kye Yong Song
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Korean J Pathol. 1997;31(3):284-287.
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- The cystic mesothelioma is a very rare tumor which has a clinically and histologically benign nature. Here in reported is the case of a cystic mesothelioma presented as a palpable mass of the inguinal area in a 28-year-old male.
Ultrasound showed a cystic tumor at the inguinal canal, and the other physical and laboratory examinations were within normal limits. Grossly, the tumor consisted of cysts containing clear serous fluid and focally solid areas.
Microscopically, the tumor was encapsulated with fibrocollagenous wall, and the tumor cells were cuboidal or polygonal epithelial cells with single or multiple layers and had clear cytoplasm. Some areas showed thyroid follicle-like structures. The content of follicle-like structures showed eosinophilia in the H&E section, but positive in mucin stain. Neither cytologic atypia nor mitoses were present. Immunohistochemical staining revealed positive reaction for keratins of low molecular weight, while negative for the thyroglobulin and CEA. These findings suggested mesothelial in origin. We concluded that this tumor was primary rather than metastatic, because he had no evidence of a tumor in gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts and scrotum.
- Prenatal Development of Eccrine Sweat Gland: Morphologic and Morphometric Analysis.
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Nam Bok Cho, Tae Jin Lee, Je G Chi, Kye Yong Song
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Korean J Pathol. 1997;31(2):121-134.
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- To elucidate the developmental sequence of the eccrine sweat gland, a morphologic and a morphometric observation were done using developing human embryos and fetuses. Five embryos and sixty four fetuses from the 9th to the 38th week of the gestational age were studied. The skin was sampled in eight different areas, i.e., scalp, forehead, face, chest, abdomen, back, palm and sole. Routine histological sections were made for histological evaluation and morphometric analysis. The results obtained were as follows : The primordia of the eccrine sweat glands appeared first as regular undulation of the basal cells in the palm and the sole in the 13th week of getation. Subsequently, elongation and coiling of the cell cords were noted from the 16th to the 18th weeks. Intraductal lumen formation was first noted in the 20th week. Secretory segment of the eccrine sweat glands were noted from the distal part of the coiling intradermal sweat duct in the 22nd week of the gestational age. The eccrine sweat glands became fully developed by the 28th week of gestation and this included the clear cell, the dark cell and the myoepithelial cell. In the morphometric analysis, the number of eccrine epithelial buddings were decreased with aging and the highest were in the palm and the sole. The diameter of the eccrine sweat duct showed no significant change by gestational age or in the different sites observed. Straight and coiled eccrine sweat ducts or glands were lengthened into the deep reticular dermis and upper portion of the subcutaneous adipose tissue with an increase of the gestational age. The above results suggest that developmental stage and the number of eccrine glands of the skin in the fetal stage is different from other areas of the body, especially in the palm and the sole.
- Immunohistochemical Analysis of TGF-beta Expression and Angiogenesis in Infiltrating Duct Carcinoma of the Breast.
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Tae Jin Lee, Nam Bok Cho, Eun Sub Park, Jae Hyung Yoo, Sung Jun Park
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Korean J Pathol. 1996;30(7):557-569.
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- Forty cases of infiltrating duct carcinoma of the breast were examined immunohistochemically for expression of TGF-beta and angiogenesis in order to analyze significant correlation with prognostic parameters including tumor size, axillary lymph node metastasis, clinical stage, histologic grade, estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status.
The TGF-beta expression was observed in tumors center and advancing edges of tumors. To determine microvessel density for angiogenesis, we stained endothelial cells for Factor VIII related antigen and counted microvessel within tumor.
The results were as follows: 1) The strong immunohistochemical expression of TGF-beta and higher counts of microvessels were observed in advancing edges of tumors (p<0.05). 2) The TGF-beta expression in the advancing edges of tumors was closely related to clinical stage and presence of axillary lymph node metastasis (p<0.05). 3) The mean microvessel counts were significantly higher in tumors from patients with axillary lymph node metastasis and increased with increasing clinical stage (p<0.05). 4) The TGF-beta expression was not related to histologic grade, estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status(p>0.05).
Therefore, the results suggested that the TGF-beta expression and angiogenesis in infiltrating duct carcinoma of the breast may play an important part in prognostic factors, closely related to the lymph node metastasis and clinical stage.
- Calcifying Synovial Sarcoma.
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Nam Bok Cho, Tae Jin Lee, Mi Kyung Kim, Yong Wook Park, Kye Yong Song
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Korean J Pathol. 1995;29(4):536-539.
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- A case of calcifying synovial sarcoma, occuring in the deep muscle fascia of the left thigh is reported. The presence of extensive calcification in synovial sarcoma is a favorable sign for prognosis. The patient was a 31-year-old female.
The tumor mass had been present for 3 years, accompanying local tenderness. X-ray revealed a soft tissue tumor with central calcification, which was located between the adductor magnus and brevis of the left thigh. The tumor size was 7 x 5.5 cm. There was no connection with the knee joint or the femur. Grossly, the tumor was a relatively well circumscribed hard tumor with massive calcification.
Microscopically, the tumor was composed of predominantly spindle cells with accompanying hyalinization, numerous spherical concretions and ossification. The epithelial component was not clearly noted. Mitotic figures were rarely noted in the densely cellular area. Immunohistochemical staining for EMA, S-100, vimentin, and carcinoembryonic antigen was negative while vimentin and cytokeratin were weakly and focally positive. EM study revealed multiple desmosome-like calcification intercellular junctions with a slit-like lumen and an incomplete basal lamina, which suggest that tumor show these cells were undergoing epithelia] differentiation. Above evidence suggest that this tumor is a synovial sarcoma associated with a large area of calcification, a so called calcifying synovial sarcoma. No recurrence was noted in one and half years of follow up.
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